Crawford Knoll
Other Names: Preston Corner Notched, Merom Expanding Stem, Trimble Side Notched
Date Range: 1500-1200 BCE
Dimensions: Crawford Knoll points range from 25-40 mm in length, 15-25 mm in maximum width, 7-12 mm in hafting width, and 4-8 mm in thickness.
Shape: These triangular points have convex lateral edges; bases range from convex to straight. The hafting element varies from side notched to corner notched to expanding stemmed. Cross-sections are usually lenticular, but in some specimens they are diamond shaped. Plano-convex cross sections also occur.
Flake Pattern: The workmanship is quite variable: some points are well finished but others are rather crudely made with asymmetrical outlines. The points are made in two different ways: most are manufactured with the “classic” bifacial reduction technique, but some are unifacial marginally retouched flakes. Denticulation is seen on some examples.
Material: Crawford Knoll points are found on Kettle Point, Onondaga, Haldimand, and Ancaster cherts.
Distribution and Cultural Affiliation: This description is based on points from the Crawford Knoll site near the St. Clair River delta, Kent Co., but these points are found across southern Ontario.
References: Kenyon, I. – 1980 Crawford Knoll Point. KEWA 80-3, Justice, N.D., (1987) Stone Age Spear and Arrow Points of the Midcontinental and Eastern United States