Image Credits:

• “A Telegraph and Letter from Jack the Ripper.” Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.
• “From Hell Letter.” Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.
• “Jack the Ripper, Letter Written by a Man Charged With Murder.” Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.
• “Jack the Ripper Postcard.” Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.
• “PC Jonas Mizen Discovers Mary Ann Nichols, 31 August 1888.” Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.
• Punch, London Charivari. “The Nemesis of Neglect.” September 29, 1888. Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.
• “The Illustrated Police News — Jack the Ripper.” Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.
• “Wanted Poster.” Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.

Academic Sources:

Hurren, Elizabeth. “Dissecting Jack-the-Ripper : An Anatomy of Murder in the Metropolis.” Crime, Histoire & Sociétés 20, no. 2 (2016): 5–30. https://doi.org/10.4000/chs.1667. 

Krawczyk-Żywko, L. (2025). Framing Deaths, Embracing Lives: Alan M. Clark’s Jack the Ripper Victims Series. Humanities (Basel), 14(1), 14-. https://doi.org/10.3390/h14010014. 

Mishou, A. Luxx. ““Murder for a Penny: Jack the Ripper and the Structural Impact of  Sensational Reporting".” The Wilkie Collins Journal 16 (2019). https://www.jstor .org/stable/26996133. 

Monk, Craig. “Optograms, Autobiography, and the Image of Jack the Ripper.” Interdisciplinary Literary Studies 12, no. 1 (2010): 91–104. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41210309. 

Nini, Andrea. “An Authorship Analysis of the Jack the Ripper Letters.” Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 33, no. 3 (2018): 621–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqx065. 

Walkowitz, Judith R. “Jack the Ripper and the Myth of Male Violence.” Feminist Studies 8,  no. 3 (1982): 543–74. https://doi.org/10.2307/3177712.