Bibliography

Primary Sources (Image Credits)

  1.  
  2. Queen Victoria in 1863. Image courtesy of Lytton Strachey/Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.
  3. Punch v.58-59 (1870). Holding Institution: Harvard University, Cambridge, United States. Image courtesy of Harvard University/HathiTrust. Public Domain.
  4. Punch v.18-19 (1850). Holding Institution: Harvard University, Cambridge, United States. Image courtesy of Harvard University/HathiTrust. Public Domain. 
  5. Ibid.
  6. Ibid.
  7. Punch v.38-39 (1860). Holding Institution: Harvard University, Cambridge, United States. Image courtesy of Harvard University/HathiTrust. Public Domain. 
  8. Ibid.
  9. Ibid.
  10. Punch v.58-59 (1870). Holding Institution: Harvard University, Cambridge, United States. Image courtesy of Harvard University/HathiTrust. Public Domain. 
  11. Ibid. 
  12. Ibid. 
  13.  

Secondary Sources

  • Bagwell, Philip S. The Railway Clearing House In the British Economy 1842-1922. 1st ed. Routledge, 1968. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003356134/railway-clearing-house-philip-bagwell. 
  • Baines, Dudley. “Introduction: the scope of study.” In Migration in a Mature Economy: Emigration and Internal Migration in England and Wales 1861-1900, edited by Dudley Baines. Cambridge University Press, 2002. https://books.google.ca/booksid=IynQDGXg7ywC&dq=emmigration+britain+victorian&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s. 
  • BBC. “Sir Robert Peel (1788 - 1850).” Accessed March 25, 2025. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/peel_sir_robert.shtml.
  • Bell, Duncan. The Idea of a Greater Britain: Empire and the Future of the World Order,  1860-1900. Princeton University Press, 2007. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400827978/html. 
  • Clayton-Gouthro, Cecile. “Social Commentary in Nineteenth Century Crinoline Cartoons from Punch.” Dress 23, no. 1 (1996): 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1179/036121196805298036.
  • Cunningham, Hugh. Time, work and leisure Life changes in England since 1700. Manchester University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526112293. 
  • Danahay, Martin. “Victorian Trauma: War, Railway Accidents, and the Vulnerable Body.” Victorian Studies 65, no. 2 (2023): 226-246. https://dx.doi.org/10.2979/vic.2023.a911107.
  • Frawley, Maria. “The Victorian Age, 1832-1901.” In English Literature in Context, edited by Paul Poplawski. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2017. https://books.google.ca/books?id=ddQoDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false.
  • Inkster, I., Griffin, C., Hill, J., and Rowbotham, J., eds. The Golden Age: Essays in British Social and Economic History, 1850–1870. Routledge, 2017. https://doi-org.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/10.4324/9781315239330.
  • Irwin, Douglas A., and Maksym G. Chepeliev. “The Economic Consequences of Sir Robert Peel: A Quantitative Assessment of the Repeal of the Corn Laws.” The Economic Journal 131, no. 640 (2021): 3322–3337. https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueab029. 
  • Kreilkamp, Ivan. “The 1850s.” In A Companion to the English Novel, edited by Stephen Arata, Madigan Haley, J. Paul Hunter, and Jennifer Wicke. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118607251.ch3.
  • Maidment, B. “The Presence of Punch in the Nineteenth Century.” In Asian Punches: A Transcultural Affair, edited by Hans Harder and Barbara Mittler. Springer, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28607-0_2.
  • Martin, Michèle. “Conflictual Imaginaries: Victorian Illustrated Periodicals and the  Franco-Prussian War (1870-71).” Victorian Periodicals Review 36, no. 1 (2003): 41–58. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20083909.
  • Miller, Harry. “The Problem with Punch.” Historical Research 82, no. 216 (2009): 285-302. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2281.2007.00457.x. 
  • Miller, Henry. “Popular Petitioning and the Corn Laws, 1833–46.” The English Historical Review 127, no. 527 (2012): 882–919. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ces073. 
  • Mitch, David. “The Elementary Education Act of 1870: Landmark or Transition?” In School Acts and the Rise of Mass Schooling: Education Policy in the Long Nineteenth Century, edited by Johannes Westberg, Lukas Boser, and Ingrid Brühwiler. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13570-6_13. 
  • Natale, Simone. “Introduction.” In Supernatural Entertainments: Victorian Spiritualism and the Rise of Modern Media Culture. Penn State Press, 2016. https://books.google.ca/books?id=lJyYEAAAQBAJ&dq=victorian+spiritualism&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s.
  • Noakes, Richard. "Punch and comic journalism in mid-Victorian Britain." Cambridge University Press, 2004. https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10036/31894/Noakes%20Punch%20and%20comic%20journalism.PDF?sequence=1.
  • Pearson, Robin. “Towards an Historical Model of Services Innovation: The Case of the Insurance Industry, 1700–1914.” The Economic History Review 50, no. 2 (2003): 235-256. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0289.00053. 
  • The Royal Parks. “The Great Exhibition of 1851 in Hyde Park.” Published June 28, 2019. https://www.royalparks.org.uk/read-watch-listen/great-exhibition-1851-hyde-park. 
  • UK Parliament. “The Reform Act 1832.” Accessed March 9, 2025. https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/houseofcommons/reformacts/overview/reformact1832/. 
  • Westall, Claire. “‘But it's more than a game. It's an institution.’: Cricket, class and Victorian Britain's imperial Englishness.” In The Making of English Popular Culture, edited by John Storet. Routeledge, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315720678. 
  • Wyke, Terry. “Memorial mania: Remembering and forgetting Sir Robert Peel.” In People, places and identities: Themes in British social and cultural history, 1700s–1980s, edited by Alan Kidd and Melanie Tebbutt. Manchester University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526107572.00009. 
Prev