Note on Curation:

The curators of this exhibit would like to make note of the  prevalence of the Petit traitté de la fortification moderne. The heavy use of this manuscript was due to its clarity in colour coding the various features of fortifications, allowing easier understanding of the images. If this exhibit has peaked your curiosity, the curators would recommend looking at the Swiss and Vatican digital archives, which hold a large corpus of material dealing with early modern fortifications and military tactics

Images Credits:

Page One, Image One: McDonald, James. 1 October 2010. Salses, Aude, France. Castles and Manor Houses Inc. www.castlesandmanorhouses.com 

Page Two, Image One: Petit traitté de la fortification moderne: Page 3, Figure IV. Public Domain; Image courtesy of the Internet Archive / Smithsonian Libraries.

Page Two, Image Two: Traité de Fortifications: Page 7, Figure 1 (Bibliothèque nationale de France. Département des Manuscrits. Français 663). Public Domain; Image courtesy of the Bibliothèque nationale de France.

Page Two, Image Three: Les forces de l'Europe, ou Description des principales villes, avec leurs fortifications: Page 95, Public Domain; Image Courtesy of the Internet Archive / Biblioteca de la Universidad de Sevilla.

Page Two, Image Four: Fortificazione a rovescio: Page 200-201, Public Domain; Image Courtesy of the Internet Archive / Giuseppe Grosso Library.

Page Three, Image One: Petit traitté de la fortification moderne: Page 25, Figure XXV. Public Domain; Image courtesy of the Internet Archive / Smithsonian Libraries.

Page Three, Image Two: Petit traitté de la fortification moderne: Page 26, Figure XXVI. Public Domain; Image courtesy of the Internet Archive / Smithsonian Libraries.

Page Three, Image Three: Petit traitté de la fortification moderne: Page 27, Figure XXVII. Public Domain; Image courtesy of the Internet Archive / Smithsonian Libraries.

Page Three, Image Four: Petit traitté de la fortification moderne: Page 30, Figure XXIX & Figure XXX. Public Domain; Image courtesy of the Internet Archive / Smithsonian Libraries.

Page Four, Image One: Unknown artist, Wehranlage, copper engraving on paper, 11.2 x 14.9 cm, 1624; source: Robert Fludd, De Naturae Simia seu Technica macrocosmi historia, Frankfurt 1624; digital copy: SLUB / Deutsche Fotothek, signature: 1.B.3237-1,angeb., Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). 

Sources:

Bakiritz, Nikolas. "Fortifications as Urban Heritage." Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 62 (2017), 171-192. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26787024.

De la Croix, Horst. "Military Architecture and the Radial City Plan in Sixteenth Century Italy." The Art Bulletin 42, no. 4 (1960), 263. doi:10.2307/3047915.

De la Croix, Horst. "The Literature on Fortification in Renaissance Italy." Technology and Culture 4, no. 1 (1963), 30. doi:10.2307/3101334.

Hirst, Paul. "The Defence of Places: Fortifications as Architecture [part 1]." AA Files 33 (Summer 1997), 13-26. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29544045.

Parrott, David. "The Utility of Fortifications in Early Modern Europe: Italian Princes and Their Citadels, 1540–1640." War in History 7, no. 2 (April 2000), 127-153. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26014039.

Pepper, Simon. "Sword and Spade: Military Construction in Renaissance Italy." Warfare in Early Modern Europe 1450–1660, 2017, 109-128. doi:10.4324/9781315234342-5.

SandRhoman History. "How To Lay Siege To A Star Fortress In The 16th and Early 17th Century." YouTube. March 29, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqIa-NpzAfg&list=PL4VoyER2bxcTY_74KpNHDdI3ME8atrylw&index=18.

SandRhoman History. "How to Defend a Star Fortress Forever." YouTube. June 13, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQG7iVaFSGs&list=PL4VoyER2bxcTY_74KpNHDdI3ME8atrylw&index=3.

SandRhoman History. "How Artillery Revolutionized European Siege Warfare." YouTube. March 7, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5BuvZQh_2YM.

Twamley, Zachary. For God or The Devil: A History of The Thirty Years War. Winged Hussar Publishing, 2018.

Wilson, Peter H. The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy. Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2011. Kindle edition.

Ágoston, Gábor. "Firearms and Military Adaptation: The Ottomans and the European Military Revolution, 1450–1800." Journal of World History 25, no. 1 (2014), 85-124. doi:10.1353/jwh.2014.0005.