Wehranlage, 1624

Since the introduction of gunpowder, militaries were heavily reliant on firearms and soldiers were only supporting characters. Fortifications started to become obsolete as the structures became lowered for the purpose of artillery; and in addition ditches and earth ramparts were also included for the purpose to absorb the energy from cannon fire. Once the walls were broken and exposed, cannon fire was extremely vulnerable and often sunk into the ditches. Therefore, the introduction of geometry within fortification was emphasized. The evolution of star shaped fortification was quite popular as it allowed for interlocking cannon fire which covered all potential approaches from the enemy.